IDENTIFIERS ----------- id: 141261 accession number: CM.1167-2009 DATE AUDIT ---------- created: Saturday 6 August 2011 updated: Monday 15 January 2024 DESCRIPTIVE DATA ---------------- object type: In the early nineteenth century British commercial interests in China were mainly focussed on the sale of opium imported from India. The import monopoly was fiercely defended by British resident merchants, but in the 1830s the Chinese government, conscious that the drug traffic was creating a serious social problem and also badly damaging the balance of trade, began to clamp down on it and to try to prevent importation at all. By 1839 this situation had broken out into violence, both official and popular; warehouses were burnt, British residents evacuated from Guangzhou (Canton) and many British properties burnt or pillaged. The Cantonese evacuation led directly to the British conquest of Hong Kong by the evacuated forces, after which Chinese forces began to engage the British at sea and all trade was prohibited. British retaliation was not long in following, but the fragmentation of Chinese administration meant that a great many treaties secured very little gain for either side, until the British forces moved on Guangzhou in 1841, securing a shortlived peace. After this broke down, a series of further British successes up the Pearl River from Guangzhou culminated in the capture of Nanking and a treaty of `everlasting friendship' between the two countries in 1842. War would be renewed in 1857. This medal was the first designed for this campaign, but its design was rejected as being too offensive to the Chinese with whom peaceful relations had now supposedly been secured. A second design was issued to members of forces, both Army and Navy, involved in the 1840 capture of the island of Zhoushan (Chusan), or the subsequent campaigns of 1841 onwards up the Pearl River. This is a rare proof in silver of William Wyon's initial, rejected, design. Lester Watson purchased it at some point before 1928. title: China War Medal (Nanking) NOTES ----- type: history note value: Gift of L. Hoyt Watson; ex Lester Watson Collection, bt before 1928 LICENSING --------- text license status: CC0 image license status: CC-BY-NC-SA OWNERSHIP --------- instutition: The Fitzwilliam Museum department: Coins and Medals collection: Lester Watson Collection creditline: Given by Lester Watson through Cambridge in America, 2009 STABLE URL ---------- url: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/141261 TECHNIQUES ---------- struck CATEGORIES ------ category: medal (military) DATING ------ creation date: 1842 - 1842 creation date earliest: 1842 creation date latest: 1842 CREATORS -------- maker: London maker: Victoria (1837-1901) maker: Wyon, William maker: Victoria regina DIMENSIONS ---------- dimension: Diameter units: mm value: 36.5 dimension: Weight units: g value: 31.8 EXHIBITIONS HISTORY ------------------- title: Images of Empire: The British Empire on 19th century medals title: Imagery of War CITATIONS -------- British Battles and Medals 7th edn British and other Campaign and Gallantry Medals From the Collection of Lester Watson (d. 1959) --- IMAGES surrogate: large format: jpeg location: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/imagestore/cm/cm15/LW_0050_281_29.jpg height: 365 pixels width: 124 pixels surrogate: mid format: jpeg location: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/imagestore/cm/cm15/LW_0050_281_29.jpg height: 365 pixels width: 124 pixels surrogate: original format: jpeg location: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/imagestore/cm/cm15/LW_0050_281_29.jpg height: 365 pixels width: 124 pixels surrogate: preview format: jpeg location: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/imagestore/cm/cm15/LW_0050_281_29.jpg height: 365 pixels width: 124 pixels surrogate: large format: jpeg location: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/imagestore/cm/cm15/LW_0050_282_29.jpg height: 365 pixels width: 126 pixels surrogate: mid format: jpeg location: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/imagestore/cm/cm15/LW_0050_282_29.jpg height: 365 pixels width: 126 pixels surrogate: original format: jpeg location: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/imagestore/cm/cm15/LW_0050_282_29.jpg height: 365 pixels width: 126 pixels surrogate: preview format: jpeg location: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/imagestore/cm/cm15/LW_0050_282_29.jpg height: 365 pixels width: 126 pixels